minor edits

Super-Pressure.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ s0    = 0.00     # Initial Balloon Altitude in [m]
 p0    = 101325   # (Initial) Air Pressure in [Pa]
 rho_a = 1.2250   # (Initial) Air Density in [kg/m^3]
 
-tmax = 50000
+tmax = 10000
 
 T_a   = 288.15   # (Initial) Air Temperature in [K]
 g     = 9.80665  # local gravitation in [m/s^2]
@@ -101,8 +101,10 @@ while t < tmax:
 
     dv_z = (I - np.sign(v_z) * D - G) / m_B * dt
 
+    # print(z, v_z)
+
     v_z += dv_z * dt
-    z += v_z * dt
+    z += v_z * dt + 0.5 * dv_z * dt
 
     t += dt
 

models/drag.py

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 import numpy as np
+from input.user_input import *
 
-c_d = 0.47       # drag coefficient balloon (spherical) [-]
 
-def drag(c_d, rho_air, d_b, v):
+def Cd_model(fr, re, a_top):
-    return 0.125 * np.pi * c_d * rho_air * (d_b * v) ** 2
+    k_cd = 19.8
+    k1 = 1.50 * 10 ** 7
+    k2 = 0.86 * 10 ** (-7)
+    a_top0 = np.pi / 4 * 1.383 * V_design ** (2/3)  # a_top0 for zero-pressure shape
+
+    value = 0.2 * k_cd/fr * (k1/re + k2 * re) * a_top / (a_top0 ** (3/2))
+
+    if value > 1.6:
+        value = 1.6
+
+    return value
+
+
+c_d = 0.8  # 0.47
+
+
+def drag(c_d, rho_air, A_proj, v):
+    return 0.5 * c_d * rho_air * A_proj * v ** 2

models/simple_atmosphere.py

@@ -3,26 +3,30 @@ import numpy as np
 
 # ATMOSPHERE MODEL:
 
+
 def T_air(h):
-    if h >= 0 and h <= 11000:
+    if 0 <= h <= 11000:
         res = 288.15 - 0.0065 * h
-        return res
+    elif 11000 < h <= 20000:
-    elif h > 11000 and h <= 20000:
         res = 216.65
-        return res
     elif h >= 20000:
         res = 216.65 + 0.0010 * (h - 20000)
-        return res
+    return res
+
+
 def p_air(h):
-    if h >= 0 and h <= 11000:
+    if 0 <= h <= 11000:
         res = 101325 * ((288.15 - 0.0065 * h)/288.15) ** 5.25577
-        return res
+    elif 11000 < h <= 20000:
-    elif h > 11000 and h <= 20000:
         res = 22632 * np.exp(-(h - 11000)/6341.62)
-        return res
     elif h > 20000:
         res = 5474.87 * ((216.65 + 0.0010 * (h - 20000))/216.65) ** (-34.163)
-        return res
+    return res
+
+
 def rho_air(h):
     res = p_air(h)/(R_air * T_air(h))
     return res
+
+
+def

models/sun.py

@@ -2,57 +2,111 @@ import astropy.units as unit
 import numpy as np
 from astropy.coordinates import EarthLocation, AltAz
 from astropy.coordinates import get_sun
+from astropy.time import TimeISO
+from input.natural_constants import *
 
-def sun_angles_astropy(lat, lon, h, utc):
+
+class TimeYearDayTimeCustom(TimeISO):
+   """
+   day-of-year as "<DOY>".
+   The day-of-year (DOY) goes from 001 to 365 (366 in leap years).
+   The allowed subformat is:
+   - 'doy': day of year
+   """
+   name = 'doy'  # unique format name
+   subfmts = (('doy',
+               '%j',
+               '{yday:03d}'),
+              ('doy',
+               '%j',
+               '{yday:03d}'),
+              ('doy',
+               '%j',
+               '{yday:03d}'))
+
+
+def sun_angles_astropy(lat, lon, h, utc):  # get current sun elevation and azimuth through astropy
     loc = EarthLocation(lat=lat*unit.deg, lon=lon*unit.deg, height=h*unit.m)
     ref = AltAz(obstime=utc, location=loc)
 
     sun_pos = get_sun(utc).transform_to(ref)
 
-    AZ = sun_pos.az.degree
+    az = sun_pos.az.degree
-    ELV = sun_pos.alt.degree
+    elv = sun_pos.alt.degree
 
-    return AZ, ELV
+    return az, elv
 
-def sun_angles_analytical(lat, lon, utc):
-    JD = utc.jd
-    JC = (JD - 2451545) / 36525
-    GML = (280.46646 + JC * (36000.76983 + JC * 0.0003032)) % 360
-    GMA = 357.52911 + JC * (35999.05029 - 0.0001537 * JC)
-    EEO = 0.016708634 - JC * (0.000042037 + 0.0000001267 * JC)
-    SEC = np.sin(np.deg2rad(GMA)) * (1.914602 - JC * (0.004817 + 0.000014 * JC)) + np.sin(np.deg2rad(2 * GMA)) * (
-                0.019993 - 0.000101 * JC) + np.sin(np.deg2rad(3 * GMA)) * 0.000289
-    STL = GML + SEC
-    # STA = GMA + SEC
-    # SRV = (1.000001018 * (1 - EEO ** 2)) / (1 + EEO * np.cos(np.deg2rad(STA)))
-    SAL = STL - 0.00569 - 0.00478 * np.sin(np.deg2rad(125.04 - 1934.136 * JC))
-    MOE = 23 + (26 + (21.448 - JC * (46.815 + JC * (0.00059 - JC * 0.001813))) / 60) / 60
-    OC = MOE + 0.00256 * np.cos(np.deg2rad(125.04 - 1934.136 * JC))
-    # SRA = np.rad2deg(np.arctan2(np.cos(np.deg2rad(OC)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(SAL)), np.cos(np.deg2rad(SAL))))  # radian
-    SD = np.rad2deg(np.arcsin(np.sin(np.deg2rad(OC)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(SAL))))  # radian
-    var_y = np.tan(np.deg2rad(OC / 2)) ** 2
-    EOT = 4 * np.rad2deg(
-        var_y * np.sin(2 * np.deg2rad(GML)) - 2 * EEO * np.sin(np.deg2rad(GMA)) + 4 * EEO * var_y * np.sin(
-            np.deg2rad(GMA)) * np.cos(2 * np.deg2rad(GML)) - 0.5 * var_y ** 2 * np.sin(
-            4 * np.deg2rad(GML)) - 1.25 * EEO ** 2 * np.sin(2 * np.deg2rad(GMA)))
-    TST = (((JD - 0.5) % 1) * 1440 + EOT + 4 * lon) % 1440
 
-    if TST / 4 < 0:
+def sun_angles_analytical(lat, lon, utc):  # get current sun elevation and azimuth through several equations (see [xx])
-        HA = TST / 4 + 180
+    if np.abs(lat) == 90:                  # handling collapse of longitudes at poles by
+        lat = np.sign(lat) * 89.999999     # expanding one point to a very small circle
     else:
-        HA = TST / 4 - 180
+        pass
 
-    SZA = np.rad2deg(np.arccos(
+    jd = utc.jd
-        np.sin(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(SD)) + np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.cos(np.deg2rad(SD)) * np.cos(
+    jc = (jd - 2451545) / 36525
-            np.deg2rad(HA))))
+    gml = (280.46646 + jc * (36000.76983 + jc * 0.0003032)) % 360
-    SEA = 90 - SZA
+    gma = 357.52911 + jc * (35999.05029 - 0.0001537 * jc)
+    eeo = 0.016708634 - jc * (0.000042037 + 0.0000001267 * jc)
+    sec = np.sin(np.deg2rad(gma)) * (1.914602 - jc * (0.004817 + 0.000014 * jc)) + np.sin(np.deg2rad(2 * gma)) * (
+                0.019993 - 0.000101 * jc) + np.sin(np.deg2rad(3 * gma)) * 0.000289
+    stl = gml + sec
+    sal = stl - 0.00569 - 0.00478 * np.sin(np.deg2rad(125.04 - 1934.136 * jc))
+    moe = 23 + (26 + (21.448 - jc * (46.815 + jc * (0.00059 - jc * 0.001813))) / 60) / 60
+    oc = moe + 0.00256 * np.cos(np.deg2rad(125.04 - 1934.136 * jc))
+    sd = np.rad2deg(np.arcsin(np.sin(np.deg2rad(oc)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(sal))))  # radian
+    var_y = np.tan(np.deg2rad(oc / 2)) ** 2
+    eot = 4 * np.rad2deg(
+        var_y * np.sin(2 * np.deg2rad(gml)) - 2 * eeo * np.sin(np.deg2rad(gma)) + 4 * eeo * var_y * np.sin(
+            np.deg2rad(gma)) * np.cos(2 * np.deg2rad(gml)) - 0.5 * var_y ** 2 * np.sin(
+            4 * np.deg2rad(gml)) - 1.25 * eeo ** 2 * np.sin(2 * np.deg2rad(gma)))
+    tst = (((jd - 0.5) % 1) * 1440 + eot + 4 * lon) % 1440
 
-    if HA > 0:
+    if tst / 4 < 0:
-        SAA = (np.rad2deg(np.arccos(((np.sin(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.cos(np.deg2rad(SZA))) - np.sin(np.deg2rad(SD))) / (
+        ha = tst / 4 + 180
-                    np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(SZA))))) + 180) % 360
     else:
-        SAA = (540 - np.rad2deg(np.arccos(
+        ha = tst / 4 - 180
-            ((np.sin(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.cos(np.deg2rad(SZA))) - np.sin(np.deg2rad(SD))) / (
+
-                        np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(SZA)))))) % 360
+    sza = np.rad2deg(np.arccos(
+        np.sin(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(sd)) + np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.cos(np.deg2rad(sd)) * np.cos(
+            np.deg2rad(ha))))
+    sea = 90 - sza
+
+    if ha > 0:
+        saa = (np.rad2deg(np.arccos(((np.sin(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.cos(np.deg2rad(sza))) - np.sin(np.deg2rad(sd))) / (
+                    np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(sza))))) + 180) % 360
+    else:
+        saa = (540 - np.rad2deg(np.arccos(
+            ((np.sin(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.cos(np.deg2rad(sza))) - np.sin(np.deg2rad(sd))) / (
+                        np.cos(np.deg2rad(lat)) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(sza)))))) % 360
+
+    return saa, sea  # Azimuth, Elevation
+
+
+def AirMass(p_air, p_0, ELV, h):      # get atmospheric air mass over balloon
+    ELV_rad = np.deg2rad(ELV)         # convert ELV from degree to radian
+    Dip = np.arccos(R_E / (R_E + h))  # geometric "dip" in radian
+
+    if ELV_rad >= -Dip and ELV_rad < 0:
+        res = p_air/p_0 * (1 + ELV_rad/Dip) - 70 * ELV_rad/Dip
+    else:
+        res = (p_air/p_0) * ((1229 + (614 * np.sin(ELV_rad)) ** 2) ** (1/2) - 614 * np.sin(ELV_rad))
+
+    return res
+
+
+def tau(ELV, h, p_air):  # get atmospheric transmissivity as function of balloon altitude and sun elevation
+    if ELV >= -(180 / np.pi * np.arccos(R_E / (R_E + h))):
+        tau_atm = 0.5 * (
+                    np.exp(-0.65 * AirMass(p_air, p_0, ELV, h)) + np.exp(-0.095 * AirMass(p_air, p_0, ELV, h)))
+        tau_atmIR = 1.716 - 0.5 * (np.exp(-0.65 * p_air / p_0) + np.exp(-0.095 * p_air / p_0))
+    else:
+        tau_atm = 0
+        tau_atmIR = 0
+    return tau_atm, tau_atmIR
+
+
+
+
+
 
-    return SAA, SEA

models/test1.py

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import numpy as np
-
-def f(x):
-    res = np.sin(x)
-    return res

models/test2.py

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-from test1 import f
-
-print(f(1))

models/thermal.py

@@ -1,111 +1,5 @@
 from input.natural_constants import *
 import numpy as np
-from datetime import datetime
-import time
-from astropy.time import Time
-
-from astropy.time import TimeISO
-class TimeYearDayTimeCustom(TimeISO):
-   """
-   day-of-year as "<DOY>".
-   The day-of-year (DOY) goes from 001 to 365 (366 in leap years).
-   The allowed subformat is:
-   - 'doy': day of year
-   """
-   name = 'doy'  # Unique format name
-   subfmts = (('doy',
-               '%j',
-               '{yday:03d}'),
-              ('doy',
-               '%j',
-               '{yday:03d}'),
-              ('doy',
-               '%j',
-               '{yday:03d}'))
-
-def AirMass(x, p_0, ELV, h):
-    p_air = x
-    ELV_rad = np.deg2rad(ELV)  # convert ELV from degree to radian
-    Dip = np.arccos(R_E / (R_E + h))  # Dip in radian
-
-    if ELV_rad >= -Dip and ELV_rad < 0:
-        res = p_air/p_0 * (1 + ELV_rad/Dip) - 70 * ELV_rad/Dip
-    else:
-        res = (p_air/p_0) * ((1229 + (614 * np.sin(ELV_rad)) ** 2) ** (1/2) - 614 * np.sin(ELV_rad))
-
-    return res
-
-#if ELV >= -(180/np.pi * np.arccos(R_e / (R_e + h))):
-#    tau_atm = 0.5 * (np.exp(-0.65 * AirMass(p_air, p_0, ELV, h)) + np.exp(-0.095 * AirMass(p_air, p_0, ELV, h)))
-#    tau_atmIR = 1.716 - 0.5 * (np.exp(-0.65 * p_air/p_0) + np.exp(-0.095 * p_air/p_0))
-#else:
-#    tau_atm = 0
-#    tau_atmIR = 0
-#
-#doy = int(utc.doy)
-#
-#MA = (357.52911 + 0.98560028 * (utc.jd - 2451545)) % 360  # in degree, reference: see folder "literature"
-#TA = MA + 2 * e * np.sin(np.deg2rad(MA)) + 5/4 * e ** 2 * np.sin(np.deg2rad(2 * MA))
-#I_Sun = 1367.5 * ((1 + e * np.cos(np.deg2rad(TA)))/(1 - e ** 2)) ** 2
-#I_SunZ = I_Sun * tau_atm
-#q_sun = I_SunZ
-#
-#q_IRground = epsilon_ground * sigma * T_ground ** 4
-#
-#q_IREarth = q_IRground * tau_atmIR
-#
-#if ELV <= 0:
-#    q_Albedo = 0
-#else:
-#    q_Albedo = Albedo * I_Sun * np.sin(np.deg2rad(ELV))
-#
-### NEEDED:
-# Diameter = ...
-# V_relative = ...
-# rho_air = ...
-# rho_gas = ...
-# T_film = ...
-# T_air = ...
-# T_gas = ...
-#
-#my_air = (1.458 * 10 ** -6 * T_air ** 1.5) / (T_air + 110.4)
-#my_gas = 1.895 * 10 ** -5 * (T_gas/273.15) ** 0.647
-#k_air = 0.0241 * (T_air/273.15) ** 0.9
-#k_gas = 0.144 * (T_gas/273.15) ** 0.7
-#Pr_air = 0.804 - 3.25 * 10 ** (-4) * T_air
-#Pr_gas = 0.729 - 1.6 * 10 ** (-4) * T_gas
-#
-#Gr_air = (rho_air ** 2 * g * np.abs(T_film - T_air) * Diameter ** 3) / (T_air * my_air ** 2)
-#Nu_air = 2 + 0.45 * (Gr_air * Pr_air) ** 0.25
-#HC_free = Nu_air * k_air / Diameter
-#Re = V_relative * Diameter * rho_air / my_air
-#HC_forced = k_air / Diameter * (2 + 0.41 * Re ** 0.55)
-#HC_internal = 0.13 * k_gas * ((rho_gas ** 2 * g * np.abs(T_film - T_gas) * Pr_gas) / (T_gas * my_air ** 2)) ** (1/3)
-#HC_external = np.maximum(HC_free, HC_forced)
-#
-#Q_Sun = alpha_VIS * A_proj * q_sun * (1 + tau_VIS/(1 - r_VIS))
-#Q_Albedo = alpha_VIS * A_surf * q_Albedo * ViewFactor * (1 + tau_VIS/(1 - r_VIS))
-#Q_IREarth = alpha_IR * A_surf * q_IREarth * ViewFactor * (1 + tau_IR/(1 - r_IR))
-#Q_IRFilm = sigma * epsilon * alpha_IR * A_surf * T_film ** 4 * 1/(1 - r_IR)
-#Q_IROut = sigma * epsilon * A_surf * T_film ** 4 * (1 * tau_IR/(1 - r_IR))
-#Q_ConvExt = HC_external * A_effective * (T_air - T_film)
-#Q_ConvInt = HC_internal * A_effective * (T_film - T_gas)
-#
-#HalfConeAngle = np.arcsin(R_E/(R_E + h))
-#ViewFactor = (1 - np.cos(HalfConeAngle))/2
-#
-#
-#
-#RoC = -V_z
-#
-#dT_gas = (Q_ConvInt/(gamma * c_v * M_gas) - (gamma - 1)/gamma * rho_air * g / (rho_gas * R_gas) * RoC) * dt
-#dT_film = ((Q_Sun + Q_Albedo + Q_IREarth + Q_IRfilm + Q_ConvExt - Q_ConvInt - Q_IRout)/(c_f * M_film)) * dt
-
-
-
-
-
-
 
 
 

readme.txt

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ netcdf4 1.3.3
 cdsapi 0.2.7 (*)
 
 
-(*) for CDS API please refer to: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api-how-to
-
 Alternatively, use ANACONDA and the environment(*.yml)-file in this repository.
 
+(*) for proper setup of CDS API please refer to: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api-how-to (in any case!)
+
 
 
 (B) User Input:
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ Alternatively, use ANACONDA and the environment(*.yml)-file in this repository.
 1. Please define all input parameters under input/user_input.py
 
 2. Script "DataRequest.py" needs to be run prior to generate netCDF-datafile for atmospheric data! 
-   Please ensure sufficient disk space (1,25 GB)
+   Please ensure sufficient disk space (currently: 1,25 GB)